The Forgotten Female in the Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay

The Forgotten Female in the Works of Hemingway Ernest Hemingway has often been accused of misogyny in his treatment of female characters (and, perhaps, in his treatment of women in his own life). It is not fashionable these days to praise the work of Ernest Hemingway, says Frederick Busch. His women too often seem to be projections of male needfulness (1). Many of his stories are seen as prototypical bildungsroman stories--stories, usually, of young men coming of age. There are few, if any, stories in the canon of women coming of age, however, and Hemingway is not the first to suffer the wrath of feminist critics. But is this wrath justified? In his dissertation, Mark G. Newton reviews some of the†¦show more content†¦He argues that . . . Hemingway exhibits uncensored male perceptions of females perhaps as a partial explanation for why women occupy subjugated positions in American society (180). He concludes: . . . Hemingways chief concerns remain consistent. Within this world of selfishness represented in Hemingways canon, the lost, lamented for values include faith, hope, and security as well as fertility, creativity, love, peace, and human brotherhood for maintaining life. . . . Harrys last words, A man alone aint got no bloody fucking chance (THAHN 225), imply that togetherness may be the first step toward healing. Searching within the abyss of nada for meaning, people must first reform and embrace each other before they can reform and embrace the world. (188) These are the same echoes, the reaching out for other human contact, that we see in George Willard in Sherwood Andersons Winesburg, Ohio. However, in placing women in this almost Christ-like position--the saviors of mankind as it were--is Hemingway presenting women at all? Or is he presenting only male fantasies--the kind of stereotypical, mythic female figure that women have been condemned by our society to try to live up to? In Mothers and Others: Myths of the Female in theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 1517 Words   |  7 PagesShivani Patel Hum 101-007 King, Paul 5 December 2015 Female Disempowerment in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† In the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† Ernest Hemingway uses his in-depth ability of foreshadowing to provide the reader with little information on the stories background or future events to come. At first glance, the discussion that takes place in story seems like a minor argument between a couple at a train station in Spain. However, upon deeper analysis, this piece takesRead MoreLecture on Short Story5432 Words   |  22 Pagesorigin, orally transmitted. Our ancestors told stories by the tribal fire, and later by the hearth, which were verbally passed down the generations. Oral transmission meant that stories had to be committed to memory in order to survive and not be forgotten; storytellers also had to be able to effectively convey the valuable life-lessons that their stories contained taking into account the limitations that listening imposes on our capacity to retain information. Storytellers had to be able to captivateRead MoreAN ANALYSIS PAPER ON ANTON CHEKHOV’S THE SEAGULL AND THE CHERRY ORCHARD12092 Words   |  49 PagesIdeologem of Loss 3.3.3 Relation of Russian and American Literature 4. Questions for Analysis 4.1 How do the literary works teach about morality? 4.2 What is the prevailing idea shown in the story? How can the readers relate to it? 4.3 If you were to provide an alternative ending to your chosen story, how would you end it? Why? 4.4 How do these literary works adhere to the 7 literary standards? Explain. AN ANALYSIS PAPER ONRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagespart of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) No Derivative Works You may not

What Twists a Man so Far as Murder (Serial Killers)

D.Jay Schaibly Eng 102 May 2, 2005 What twists a man so far as murder? Many things today confuse, yet enthrall the masses. War, murder, medical science, incredible rescues, all things you would see on The History Channel. There is another topic that is also made into documentaries however, serial killers. Dark twisted people that commit multiple murders are of interest to the population, but what caused them to be this way. What horrible tragic set of events could twist a man to murder one or many people. Could Schizophrenia, psychopathy, or sociopathy? Many people have researched this topic and believe that childhood trauma, heavy drugs during the growing phase of life, as well as many other things have twisted the minds of men†¦show more content†¦More recently however a new type of serial killer has emerged into public view, the Angel of Mercy type. Angels are people in the medical profession that kill their patients by means of neglect, drugging, or unplugging their victims. One man used drugs to kill over 40 seriously ill patients from 19 87 to 2004 before realizing he was wrong and handing himself in to police. In most cases these people will kill their patients in order to put them out of their misery. In most cases people who are given short periods of time to live or are suffering intensely become the targets of these twisted nurses. Some angels later in their careers turned to murdering patients that would complain to often, and in some cases would murder any patient just to make work easier on themselves. Like most serial killers the majority of this group tends to plead insanity when brought to justice though after research tend to be of perfectly normal brain function. The insanity plea used by most serial killers is an attempt to reduce or avoid a harsh sentence but in most cases are given a clean bill of mental health. Serial killers seem to be a constant part of society. From Vlad the Impaler to the Angels of Mercy killers people with murder on their mind have always been in our society. All of civilizatio n has been focused on war and defense sinceShow MoreRelatedDitypes Of Stereotypes In Indian Killer By Sherman Alexie1524 Words   |  7 Pagesbeneficial to one’s decision making, there is a fine line between harmless judgements and potentially dangerous stereotypes. In the novel Indian Killer by Sherman Alexie, the characters are existing during a period of great tension invoked by a serial killer. Due to the scalpless state of these murdered white males, citizens are quick to assume that the serial killer must be an Indian. On the other hand, the novel Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn not only displays some common stereotypes that are pitted againstRead MoreThe Lovely Bones By Alice Sebold834 Words   |  4 PagesChilling through and through, The Lovely Bones, by Alice Sebold, is a tale of both murder and growth, and, more so, the latter after the former. Introduced, quite bluntly, within the very first two lines of the novel, readers meet the narrator, â€Å"Salmon, like the f ish; first name, Susie. . . murdered [at age 14] on December 6, 1973† (1). Susie, brutally raped and killed by a foul, twisted serial killer by the name of Mr. Harvey, is now giving the audience an eerie, psychologically thrilling recountalRead More Law Of Precedent Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pagesyears ago as part of our common law. The literal translation of stare decisis is quot;that like cases be decided alike.quot; Precedents in law play a fundamental role in the judicial processes of Canada. From stealing a loaf of bread ranging to murder in the first degree, there are precedents for any type of case that has ever occurred in Canada, and even many cases from Britain (prior to 1949 and the abolishment of the JCPC). Unfortunately, the law of precedent does have its downfalls. DespiteRead MoreA Strange Act Of Violence1961 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough he appeared average and seeming to have the same dreams and aspirations of his peers, Ted’s mind was a far darker place than anyone could have imagined prior to his incarceration and eventual conviction. At age three, Ted demonstrated a strange act of violence to his fifteen-year-old aunt while she was napping. Lifting her bed sheets, he placed three large kitchen knives beside her. She recalls, â€Å"He just stood there and grinned. I shooed him out of the room and took the implements backRead MoreTed Bundy : A Serial Killer2536 Words   |  11 PagesTed Bundy is one of the most famous serial killers in United States History. There are many theories behind what made him become a serial killer. Many believe he was born that way, with a darkness inside of him to which he could not control. Others believe he is a victim of circumstance and had no chance from the very beginning of life. Ted kil led fourteen plus women and girls, his earliest victim thought to be when he was just fifteen years old, with only one known survivor. I believe Ted madeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Eyes Of A Journalist By Camille Preaker Essay2039 Words   |  9 PagesRecently being discharged from her 6-month care at a psychiatric hospital for the aforementioned ailments, she is sent for work to her hometown. There are two seemingly-linked cases of young girls: a missing and a murdered one, with the potential serial killer. On her journey, Preaker: encounters two love interests, discovers that her mother poisoned her dead younger sister and herself, and that her half-sister is the murderer. Overall the women in this book are portrayed as â€Å"crazy† characters that takeRead MoreThe Lovely Bones Study Guide3680 Words   |  15 Pagessnow falling, she takes a shortcut back home across a small cornfield from her junior high school to her home in Norristown, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia. When she stops to taste a snowflake, she is accosted by a neighbor, George Harvey, a man in his mid-30s who lives alone and builds dollhouses for a living. He persuades her to enter an underground den he has recently built nearby. Once she enters, he rapes and strangles her, cutting her body into parts to make it easier to carry, and thenRead MoreAileen Wuornos - Essay5419 Words   |  22 Pagessolicit her victims then murder them. Wuornos confessed to committing seven murders. Aileen Wuornos was found guilty and convicted of six murders. Aileen received the dubious honor of being named officially the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s first female serial killer. A ileen was given six death sentences, more than anyone else on Death Row at that time and maybe even to this day. Ms. Wuornos was put to death by lethal injection on October 9, 2002. This Pale Horse Serial Killer was born Aileen CarolRead MoreHistory of Forensic Science6897 Words   |  28 Pagesmeasurements were made into a formula that referred to a single unique individual, and recorded onto cards which also bore a photographic frontal and profile portrait of the suspect (the mug shot). The cards were then systematically filed and cross-indexed, so they could be easily retrieved. In 1884, Bertillon used his method to identify 241 multiple offenders, and after this demonstration, bertillonage was adopted by police forces in Great Britain, Europe, and the Americas. But bertillonage was difficultRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagestheir effort: What is the strategic role of projects in contemporary organizations? How are projects prioritized? What organizational and managerial styles will improve chances of project success? How do project managers orchestrate the complex network of relationships involving vendors, subcontractors, project team members, senior management, functional managers, and customers that affect project success? What factors contribute to the development of a high-performance project team? What project management

Chocolate in the Ivory Coast Free Essays

In countries like Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, and Mali children are sent away from their families to cocoa farms in exchange for promised money and other useful items for their family. Families will â€Å"send their children to work†, or basically sell, them for promised goods that are usually never received. Even though it is not slavery, there are still many moral problems with the cocoa farming. We will write a custom essay sample on Chocolate in the Ivory Coast or any similar topic only for you Order Now The children work long hours, in dangerous conditions, for usually nothing more than a bed to sleep in and minimal food to eat. Children from these poor countries are sent to The Ivory Coast in search of skills that will help them in life or help their family, but most of the time they are just taken advantage of. Cocoa farming in The Ivory coast is morally and ethically wrong because the children are taken advantage of and they are forced into a type of â€Å"slavery† The children that are taken from countries like Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, and Mali are severely taken advantage of for many reasons. First of all, they are promised goods in exchange for their service that most of the time are not delivered or provided. Most of the time these services are just ploys to take these children into â€Å"slavery†. Most children go to work at the farms under the impression that they will learn skills or jobs that they can use to help their family. Most of the time the only skill they learn is how to pick and cut open cocoa beans. As well as being taken advantage of, the children are also forced into hard work that is only slightly different from slave labor. The hours are horribly long, and they rarely get breaks so they basically work all day. The conditions are dangerous, as the children are using sharp machetes in dense fields, and can often cut themselves or other workers. They are not paid, but work only for a bed to sleep in and a small amount of food. It is also seldom to find children that leave the farms because they do not know where to go or what to do. The small food and bed they get is better than starving on the streets for many of them. To conclude, the process of using child labor to farm cocoa in the ivory coast is a very labor intensive and dangerous process that children should not be doing. Families send their children to work at the farms and most of the time the children do not leave. This process violates several moral and ethical standards, and needs to be changed. How to cite Chocolate in the Ivory Coast, Papers

Romeo Juliet is believed to have been written around 1595 Essay Example For Students

Romeo Juliet is believed to have been written around 1595 Essay Romeo Juliet is believed to have been written around 1595. The story is about a pair of star-crossed lovers. Two teenagers pursue their love for each other despite the fact that their families have been at odds with each other for decades. The story combines sword fighting, disguise, misunderstanding, tragedy, humor, and some of the most romantic language found in literature all in the name of true love. In Verona, Italy in the late 1500s, two powerful families the Montagues and the Capulets have been feuding with each other for years. Old Capulet, Juliets father, throws a party to which he invites all his friends. The Montagues are not invited Romeo and his friends plan to get a look at Rosaline a young girl he has been pursing. Romeo and friends disguises themselves and slips into the party. Once inside he met Juliet it was love at first sight. Romeo falls instantly in love. Romeo is disappointed when he finds out that Juliet is a Capulet. Juliet notices Romeo too, but she is unaware that he is a member of the hated Montagues. Later, after discovering that the young man who caught her eye is a member of the enemy family, Juliet goes out onto her balcony to tell the stars about her strong but forbidden love. At the same time, Romeo is lurking in the bushes below. He overhears Juliet confess her love for him to the heavens. No longer able to control his powerful feelings, Romeo reveals himself to her and admits that he feels the same. The very next day, with the help of Romeos friend Friar Lawrence, Romeo and Juliet are secretly married. On the day of the wedding, two of Romeos friends, Benvolio and Mercutio, are walking through the streets of Verona when they are confronted by Juliets cousin, Tybalt. Tybalt is out to get Romeo for crashing the Capulets party so he starts a fight with his friends. Romeo shows up, but does not want to fight Tybalt because he no longer holds a grudge against Juliets family. Romeos friends cant understand why he wont stand up for himself so Mercutio steps in to do it for him. A swordfight with Tybalt follows. Mercutio is killed. To avenge the death of his friend, Romeo kills Tybalt, an act that will award him even more hatred from the Capulet family. The Prince of Verona banishes Romeo and he is forced to leave Juliet, who is devastated by the loss of her love. Juliets father, not knowing of his daughters marriage, decides to marry her to another young man named Paris. In despair, Juliet consults with Friar Laurence. He advises her to agree to the marriage, but on the morning of the wedding, she will drink a potion that h e prepares for her. The potion will make it look like Juliet is dead and she will be put into the Capulet burial vault. Then, the Friar will send Romeo to rescue her. She does as the Friar says and is put into the vault by her heartbroken parents. Bad news traveled fast. Before the Friar can tell Romeo of the hoax, Romeo hears from someone else that his beloved Juliet is dead. Overcome with grief, Romeo buys a poison and goes to Juliets tomb to die beside his wife. At the door of the tomb, Romeo is forced to fight Paris, whom he swiftly kills. Nothing will stop him from joining his love. Inside the vault, Romeo drinks the poison and takes his last breath next to his sleeping wife. .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 , .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 .postImageUrl , .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 , .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81:hover , .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81:visited , .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81:active { border:0!important; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81:active , .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81 .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b54c1556baa1ce19bfceecf3ef82d81:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analyse sonnet 18, 130, 55 by William Shakespeare and 'Strugnells sonnet' by Wendy Cope EssayMoments later, Juliet awakens to see her husbands dead body. She learns what has happened from Friar Laurence who has just arrived and accessed the scene. With no reason left to live, Juliet kills herself with Romeos dagger. The tragedy has a tremendous impact on both the Montages and the Capulets. The families are hurt so much by the death of their children n that they agree to never fight again. Nurse: Having been the nanny since Juliet was an infant. Nurse is Juliets most trusted friend. She is the go between Juliet and her Romeo. She therefore rates as Romeos most important all y. Friar: The Friar is trusted by all. Together with Juliet, they conceive the plan for her and Romeo to be together. With Romeo, the friar is a constant source of advice and safe haven. For both, the friar is the man who marries them in secret. Prince: He upsets Juliet with his banishment of Romeo for killing Tybalt. But banishment to another city is much better than having Romeo killed as well. For Romeo, he spared his life with Exile, although exile from Juliet may have meant death. His banter suggests long friendship with Romeo and can become far out like way out. For example: Mercutio: No I am the very pink of courtesy. Romeo: Pink for flower? Mercutio: Right. Besides being a flower, he is also a center of attention. Romeo describes him as a gentleman that loves to hear himself talk. If one cares to be superstitious, the ending of Romeo Juliet can seem affected by Mercutios curse on both the House of Montague and that of Capulet. As he dies, from Tybalts blow, he proclaims, A plague on both your houses! Romeo declares that his love for Juliet has made him effeminate, and that he should have fought Tybalt in Mercutios place. When Tybalt, still angry, storms back onto the scene, Romeo draws his sword. They fight, and Romeo kills Tybalt. Benvolio urges Romeo to run; a group of citizens outraged at the recurring street fights is approaching. Romeo, shocked at what has happened, cries O, I am fortunes fool! The Prince enters, accompanied by many citizens, and the Montagues and Capulets. Benvolio tells the Prince the story of the brawl, emphasizing Romeos attempt to keep the peace, but Lady Capulet, Tybalts aunt, cries that Benvolio is lying to protect the Montagues. She demands Romeos life. Prince chooses instead to exile Romeo from Verona. He declares that should Romeo be found within the city, he will be killed. The sudden, fatal violence in the first scene of Act III, as well as the buildup to the fighting, serves as a reminder that, for all its emphasis on love, beauty, and romance, Romeo and Juliet still takes place in a masculine world in which notions of honor, pride, and status are prone to erupt in a fury of conflict. The viciousness and dangers of the plays social environment is a dramatic tool that Shakespeare employs to make the lovers romance seem even more precious and fragileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ their relationship is the audiences only respite from the brutal world pressing against their love. The fights between Mercutio and Tybalt and then between Romeo and Tybalt are chaotic; Tybalt kills Mercutio under Romeos arm, flees, and then suddenly, and inexplicably, returns to fight Romeo, who kills him in revenge. Passion outweighs reason at every turn. Romeos cry, O, I am fortunes fool! refers specifically to his unluckiness in being forced to kill his new wifes cousin, thereby getting himself banished III. i. 131. It also recalls the sense of fate that hangs over the play. Mercutios response to his fate, however, is notable in the ways it diverges from Romeos response. Romeo blames fate, or fortune, for what has happened to him. Mercutio curses the Montagues and Capulets. He seems to see people as the cause of his death, and gives no credit to any larger force. .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d , .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d .postImageUrl , .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d , .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d:hover , .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d:visited , .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d:active { border:0!important; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d:active , .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u00de8bc776b350b98e96a8a31baaac9d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Appearance vs Reality in Hamlet EssayElizabethan society generally believed that a man too much in love lost his manliness. Romeo clearly subscribes to that belief, as can be seen when he states that his love for Juliet had made him effeminate. Once again, however, this statement can be seen as a battle between the private world of love and the public world of honor, duty, and friendship. The Romeo who duels with Tybalt is the Romeo who Mercutio would call the true Romeo. The Romeo who sought to avoid confrontation out of concern for his wife is the person Juliet would recognize as her loving Romeo. The word effeminate is applied by the public world of honor upon those things it does not respect. In using the term to describe his present state, Romeo accepts the responsibilities thrust upon him by the social institutions of honor and family duty. The arrival of the Prince and the angry citizens shifts the focus of the play to a different sort of public sphere. Romeos killing of Tybalt is marked by rashness and vengeance, characteristics prized by noblemen, but which threaten the public order that citizens desire and the Prince has a responsibility to uphold. As one who has displayed such traits, Romeo is banished from Verona. Earlier, the Prince acted to repress the hatred of the Montagues and the Capulets in order to preserve public peace; now, still acting to avert outbreaks of violence, the Prince unwittingly acts to thwart the love of Romeo and Juliet. Consequently, with their love censured not only by the Montagues and Capulets but by the ruler of Verona, Romeo and Juliets relationship puts Romeo in danger of violent reprisal from both from Juliets kinsmen and the state.

Witches and Lady Macbeth Essay Example

Witches and Lady Macbeth Paper Essay on Three Witches and Lady Macbeth In the Shakespearian tragedy, Macbeth, there are many characters who greatly influence and contribute to the outcome of the play. Among the characters, Macbeth is the main character of the play. However, there are also other less significant characters who have a large impact on the plot of the play as well. Also among these characters, are the Three Weird Sisters and Lady Macbeth. The Three Weird Sisters (the Witches) are first introduced to the audience in the opening scene of the play. Lady Macbeth is introduced later on in Act I. The audience automatically gets a strange and cruel vibe from this woman; it is shown that she is evil she is shown to be cruel and cold-hearted. Both the Witches and Lady Macbeth both put ideas into Macbeths head, which causes Macbeth to listen to them, and in result, they influence Macbeths actions, which impact the plot and outcome of the play; thus, Macbeths own downfall and his own personal tragedy. We will write a custom essay sample on Witches and Lady Macbeth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Witches and Lady Macbeth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Witches and Lady Macbeth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Witches and Lady Macbeth both place ideas into Macbeths head. In the opening of the play, the audience first meets the Three Witches. These witches speak in paradoxical statements that appear contradictory and puzzling, but have real truth to them.An example of a paradoxical sentence is when the witches say Fair is foul, and foul is fair ( Act I, ii), which states the idea that things are not always what they appear to be. This idea is basically a reoccurring theme throughout the entire play, and is introduced in the very first scene. When Macbeth meets the Witches for the first time, they each greet him with a different title name.All hail Macbeth!Hail to thee, Thane of Gladis!All hail, Macbeth!Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter! ( Act I, iii).Here, the Witches greet Macbeth with different titles.The first, Thane of Gladis is what Macbeth is at the present.

Bluetooth Overview essays

Bluetooth Overview essays Bluetooth What it is: Bluetooth is a technology that incorporates advanced microchips and radio transceivers to create a wireless network between electronic devices. What it does: Allow users to connect to wide range of computing and telecommunication devices without cables. Allows users of the Bluetooth technology to synchronously organize their every day processing. Facilitates data image and voice transfer between multi-Bluetooth technology enhanced devices. Advantages: Removes the burden of cables. No need for line of sight positioning in order to transmit data. Can transmit through solid non-metal objects. Disadvantages: Radio band (2.4Ghz) is shared by several common household devices. Allows eavesdroppers to listen in on digital exchange of information. Connection speed is ten times slower than that of other Ethernet connections. Battery life is seriously degraded in hand held devices. What Technology is it replacing: Infrared Data Access (IrDA) aimed to serve as a replacement for peripheral cables Bluetooth will aim at serving as a replacement for both of these technologies Application in Business: Multi-phone functions, which include fixed line charge (at home), cellular charge (on the go), and walkie-talkie functions with multi Bluetooth functions (no charge). Allows business users to surf the Internet while mobile. Instant document transfers between devices enhanced with Bluetooth. Automatic synchronization of all document updates (i.e. calendar, memo, phonebook). Costs and Benefits: Approximately $190 US for the PC card. Costs for manufacturers of Bluetooth technology products will increase by approximately $50 per unit. Maximizes portability of information. Affects on IS activities: MIS departments must manage the frequencies within their facilit...

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example f the big business enterprises, initiating litigations against irresponsible corporate behaviour, and demonstrations against big business houses either involved directly or indirectly in environmental degradation activities. The Internet provides an easy means of making people aware of irresponsible corporate behaviour either in the form of their business ethics, or in the environmental degradation activities, and the NGOs utilise this means besides the other avenues of publicity to create public awareness. Big businesses have started to feel the pinch of this. The public have started showing their concern for business ethics and the environment. Estimates from the United Kingdom have started ringing alarm bells, as it is estimated that companies have lost $72 billion every year as a result of public action. Additional data from Europe and U.S.A. demonstrate that 67% of the consumers have resorted to a boycott of a product for ethical or environmental reasons, and thus have asserted their buying preferences. Companies are beginning to realise the meaning of the famous American investor Warren Buffet’s words, â€Å"it takes 10 years to build up your company’s reputation, but 10 seconds for you to lose it†. Companies are starting to act so that they are not hit by public buying preferences, as can be seen from the publishing of Nike of the work environment audit that it had conducted on not just its working environment, but also on its supply chain. There is an increase in the number of corporate businesses that are displaying such activity. (1) NGOs have resorted to litigations in the recent past even using laws that were made more than a couple of years back. There is an increasing amount of litigation against business enterprises on ethical and environmental grounds. These litigations are having an impact on all business enterprises, as insurance companies, financial analysts, and institutional investors are making existing litigation or the possibility of

Women in UK Labour Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Women in UK Labour Market - Essay Example This led to the idea of a cornflake packet family where the male was the breadwinner, the wife was the housewife, and the family consisted of two children - a boy and a girl. The mother had an expressive role, while the father had an instrumental role of going out to work. The inequality, and the extent to which the different aspects of this are interconnected, mean that is some use the concept of patriarchy to describe this set of social relations. Patriarchy is a social system through which men dominate, exploit and oppress women. However, in recent decades, changes in the economy and society have altered the situation - several of these changes will be outlined below. One of the most important areas to look at for the changes in women's lives is in terms of pay and employment relative to men. Women are less likely than men to be in paid employment, but the gap has closed steadily over recent decades. The proportion of those in employment who are women rose from 38.1% in 1971 to 49.6% in 1995. However, most of the increase in women's employment has been in part time work. The proportion of women working part time has increased steadily, from 34% in 1971 to 47% in 1995. Women workers are concentrated within a very narrow range of occupational groups, although there have been some significant changes in this recently. Over 40% of full time women workers are to be found in clerical employment. In contrast, men are spread through a much wider range of occupations. Women are confined both to lower grade jobs (vertical segregations) and to different jobs (horizontal segregation). The pattern of segregation however has changed significantly over recent years. At the top end of the hierarchy the number and proportion of women in the managerial and professional grades have substantially increased. However, in the most powerful positions in public life, women continue to be seriously under-represented. Discussion and Analysis In the contemporary society, there occurred many changes in the labour market. Businesses have moved away from mass production towards the flexible production of small batches of specialized products. In doing so, they employ a core of highly skilled workers who are capable of using their skills to produce a wide variety of products. Other work is carried out by part-time workers, or workers on short-term contracts, or is contracted out to other firms. These changes are reflected in the increased use of part-time female labour and the reduction in the employment of males in full-time permanent jobs. But while it is clearly important to take account of changes in the labour market and the economy as a whole in order to understand the changing patterns of gender inequality, it is necessary to be cautious about basing an analysis. Rosemary observes in her book "Women and Work in Modern Britain" that "Clearly, there has been a substantial restructuring of the gender division of labour over the last forty years. Its broad outlines may be

Observation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Observation - Research Paper Example The interactions were thus, mainly between the coffee shop waiters and the students or among the groups of students. The observations of the first day were students coming in mostly in groups and sitting at large tables. The waiters greeted them nicely and in a friendly manner asking them what they would want to have. The students discussed with one another, showed certain confusions, conflicts, indecisiveness, and lack of coordination. The order was taken and the waiter simply smiled at the group of students. The students then interacted with one another, enjoyed, and talked about their colleagues, teachers, and studies. They talked about their upcoming history project that they all found difficult and were tensed about. Then they talked about their rival group in class and how much they disliked them. They continued their discussions while eating and having their coffees then went away. Another couple walked in by then, the waiter greeted them and took their order; they talked to each other all the time, and then went away after their coffee. On the second day, again a group of college students entered the coffee shop. The waiter greeted them nicely and they seemed to know him well as they asked him how he’s doing and whether his new boss is taking too much work from him. This group of students walked in with bags and books in their hands. They were calm and rather more sophisticated than the group on the first day. One of them gave the order to the waiter on behalf of everyone and soon they started their group study session. One of the group member started explaining the others and they heard him with serious expressions while having their coffees. On the third day of observation, the coffee shop was highly crowded and rushed. There were three girls sitting on one table constantly gossiping and talking to one another and they had their phones in their hands too through which they clicked several pictures. A

Impact of Cultural Revolution on China

Impact of Cultural Revolution on China What effects did the Cultural Revolution have on life in rural China? Introduction In 1966, China’s Communist leader Mao Zedong launched a movement in which became to be known as the Cultural Revolution in order to reassert his authority over the Chinese government. Mao called on the nation’s youth which formed the Red Guard and was Mao’s personal army to purge the impure elements of Chinese society. The Cultural Revolution continued for a decade until Mao’s death in 1976. The Cultural Revolution had such a tormented and violent legacy that it still resided in Chinese politics during the post-revolution era. The Cultural Revolution was a great political movement that took place in the People’s Republic of China in 1966. Mao Zedong was the in charge of starting this movement as he wanted to enforce communism more on the country by trying to remove capitalist and certain elements from the current Chinese society that were affecting his party negatively. This revolution helped Mao Zedong back into power even after the failed five year plan of the ‘Great Leap Forward’. This movement significantly affected China economically and socially which in turn had heavy negative effects on China’s position politically. Many of the youths of China started to from the Red Guard groups as an appeal to Mao to help bring more control and spreading of his influence. These groups conducted a mass purge even on senior officers who were so called accused of being more in favour to the capitalist side rather than following the road of communism that Mao Zedong wants all of China to follow. This group grew significantly and rapidly as more youths were influenced to join the cause in helping Mao and his movement. â€Å"During this turbulent decade, many events happened in China with the most notably the Red Guard movement, nationwide revolutionary rebels and great chaos, the fall of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, the Lin Biao affair and the movement of millions of youths and intellectuals to the rural country sides. During the different events and stages of the Cultural Revolution, millions of people were killed or who have suffered unspeakable hardships both physically and psychologically.† (Chang, 1999) Context The Cultural Revolution affected the Chinese system as a whole which resulted in many consequences. In the short run, political instability and the economy produced a slower economic growth which resulted in a significant decline in government expenditure and services. Although there were many problems in the main city’s the rural and countryside areas life prospered during the Cultural Revolution as many educated youths who joined Mao’s movement and became a Red Guard moved to the rural areas. â€Å"This first generation of educated rural youth helped village production brigades begin to mechanize agriculture, develop irrigation on a large scale, introduce chemical fertilizer, and experiment with new seeds, crops, and methods, and they also staffed the more than 2,500 small factories and other enterprises set up by Jimo villages during the Cultural Revolution decade.† (Han, 2008) During the Cultural Revolution, Mao who is in charge of the Communist Party implemented a policy which was known as the Down to the Countryside Movement, which was to move the educated youths from the urban areas down to the rural and countryside areas to live and learn. These youths were educated by farmers in understanding a greater role in agrarian labor. These educated youths which were mostly the Red Guards were moved out of the urban areas so that there would be less social disruption than in the urban areas during this conflict. Each individual youth learned the many ways of agrarian labor and were inducted into this new society. As the Cultural Revolution continued on there were a large number of experienced health personnel that were deployed to the countryside. Farmers were given the opportunity of medical training and the building of health centers was established in the countryside to help further improvement of life in the rural areas. This process led to a high improvement in health and life expectancy of the general population in rural areas. â€Å"There were massive expansion of rural middle schools and the development of rural-oriented vocational education during the Cultural Revolution decade.† (Han, 2008) â€Å"Agricultural production began to substantially improve and rural industry took off in Jimo County. The expansion of rural schools and especially the new vocational education programs provided village youth with the training required to modernize agriculture and develop small factories.† (Han, 2008) By June of 1966 many schools and universities all over China had closed down due to the majority of students spending all their time joining the Cultural Revolution movement and becoming a Red Guard for Mao. Millions of these youths were ordered to take part in attacking other citizens and high elite personal that are not wanting or following the movement’s ideologies. Many of the rural villages start to rise up and challenged village officials face to face with public debates, posters and mass meetings. In the first time ever in China, farmers were able to stand up and fight against the government and criticize them for all their faults especially during the Great Leap Forward years. The government officials in charge of the villages were significantly outnumbered and succumbed to the new communes of farmers. Government officials and leaders had lost all of their power and influence during the Cultural Revolution. â€Å"Enthusiastic urban youths in middle schools and colleges formed Red Guard organizations and served as Mao’s crusading army against the traditional party and state establishment before all 17 million in total were sent to the countryside to receive reeducation from local peasants. Deprived of regular school education in their formative years, most members of this cultural revolution generation were at a loss in the competiti on for employment in the post-Revolution reform era.† (Guo, Song Zhou, 2006) Government officials had no choice but to either leave back to the city or reform to the movement’s ways and activities. Many of them did reform and started new life’s and worked as farmers. They had to follow the rules implemented by the farmer’s communes and their new democratic culture which was now being heavily implemented by all villages in the rural areas during the Cultural Revolution period. As time passed on during the Cultural Revolution period, ordinary farmers were empowered and were given more control in the management of the affairs of production teams and brigades. During the revolution years the farmers started many committees which were democratically election. This helped provide the farmers with fair and equal election. With the elected leaders of each committee, production plans and budgets were greatly improved thus improving economic activities and providing a higher growth rate. This improved life greatly in the rural areas during the Cultural Revolution. â€Å"Hence Mao’s idea of a spiral of growth in the villages beginning from simple, labor-intensive, nil-gestation investment and leading on to the modernization of rural China.† (Gray, 2006) Conclusion In conclusion life during the Cultural Revolution period in China for the rural areas was quite successful. With a high number of youths that moved to the rural areas during the down to the countryside movement, the rural areas had a significant increase in overall production and economic growth as new societies were created and increase in infrastructure and services most notably agricultural factories were built. Although this revolution had terrible consequences during the short term such as millions of people suffering or being killed the revolution proved beneficial in its long term as it impacted the entire country for decades to come. â€Å"The Cultural Revolution involved virtually all Chinese people and indirectly many other countries in the world. During the Cultural Revolution, revolutionary art, music and dramas were pursued and major reforms in education, factory management, economic planning, medical care and other areas of Chinese life were carried out. Many of these actually brought bitterness and injury to the Chinese people. During this turbulent decade, China also encountered difficulties, setbacks and isolation in the international relations area in the late 1960s and only made some efforts to try and improve its relations with other countries and expand its diplomatic base in the 1970s.† (Chang, 1999) â€Å"This 10 yearlong class struggle on a massive scale caused unprecedented damage to traditional culture and to the nation’s economy. To a great extent, it was the disaster of the Cultural Revolution that prompted post-Mao Chinese communist leaders ahead of their soviet counterparts to implement pragmatic economic reforms. Major policies that the post-Mao government has adopted, even today may still be best understood as a reaction to the racial politics of the Cultural Revolution. â€Å"(Guo, Song Zhou, 2006) Word Count: 1447 Bibliography Chang, T. (1999). China during the Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976 (1st Ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Depts.washington.edu. (2014). Cultural Revolution. Retrieved 19 April 2014, from https://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/graph/9wenge.htm Gray, J. (1990). Rebellions and revolutions (1st Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Gray, J. (2006). Remembering Jack Gray (1st Ed.). Guo, J., Song, Y., Zhou, Y. (2006). Historical dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1st Ed.). Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. Guo, J., Song, Y., Zhou, Y., Guo, J. (2009). The A to Z of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1st Ed.). Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. Han, D. (2001). Impact of the Cultural Revolution on Rural Education and Economic Development. Modern China, 27(1), 5990. Han, D. (2008). The unknown cultural revolution (1st Ed.). New York: Monthly Review Press. HISTORY.com. (2014). Cultural Revolution Facts Summary HISTORY.com. Retrieved 19 April 2014, from http://www.history.com/topics/cultural-revolution HsuÃÅ'ˆ, I. (1970). The rise of modern China (1st Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Kissinger, H. (2011). On China (1st Ed.). New York: Penguin Press. Potter, S. (1988). The cultural construction of emotion in rural Chinese social life. Ethos, 16(2), 181208. Singhal, D. (1972). A year in upper felicity: life in a Chinese village during the Cultural Revolution (1st Ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. Zhou, X., Hou, L. (1999). Children of the Cultural Revolution: The state and the life course in the Peoples Republic of China. American Sociological Review, 1236

Essay --

Love, one of the biggest aspects of human nature, affects everyone in different ways. In the novel by Stephen Chbosky, â€Å"the Perks of Being a Wallflower,† the main character Charlie, negatively affected by his loving relationship with his aunt Helen, develops many social issues. The novel, a coming of age story about overcoming many obstacles as a teenager, follows the main character, Charlie, and the challenges he faces. Throughout the story, Charlie struggles with the loss of his beloved aunt. When he begins High school, he has a harder time than the typical teenager for many reasons. His close relationship with his beloved aunt is the source of his companionship issues, depression, and insecurities. As a result of Charlie’s relationship with his aunt Helen, he develops companionship issues after her death. Having had such a close relationship with her, her passing greatly affects his relationships with other people. A shy, timid, and somewhat anti-social Charlie fears getting close to somebody again after his closest friend has passed. His inability to make friends shows when he t...

Pacs Essay

Groups and Teams at Kluster 1. What are the challenges of working together as a team? How have members of the Illuminator project overcome these challenges? What are the benefits of a team-based approach? Teamwork is a huge factor of the success for many companies around the world. The performance of teamwork in the workplace will bring the sense of trust, loyalty and security among every worker. The morale and productivity will be higher as a result of that. However, working on a team has its own challenges. Working with people that have different personalities, ideas, cultures, backgrounds, ages, needs and values is one of the most challenges that teamwork faces during its performance. Conflict, mistrust, poor performance can be created as result of these differences. Finding a way to overcome these obstacles is the foundation of a strong and successful teamwork. Illuminator project has overcome these challenges by respecting and using every skill and idea that each team member delivers. That makes every team member feel important and productive. Also communication among each member is very critical for the success of the Illuminator project. Today, teamwork has been found to be as a better way on using every employee’s talent and skill toward a more effective and efficient organization. † Management has found that teams are more flexible and responsive to changing events than are traditional departments. Teams have the capability to quickly assemble, deploy, refocus, and disband. † Robbins and Judge, pg 323. 2. What type of individual would fit in well on the Illuminator team? What characteristics are important? According to the engineer of the Illuminator project, each team member should have self-disciplined and self-leadership. Individuals that are careful, reliable, organized, hardworking, persistent, and honest are those that are more likely to give a higher performance than those that lack any of these characteristics. Conscientious personality which describes someone that is responsible, persistent and organized would fit in well on the Illuminator team. Also, someone who is emotionally stable meaning a confidence, calmness and secure personality would fit in well on this team. . How has technology changed the way we do business? Identify how Kluster has embraced technology in its operations. Advanced technology such as computers and computer networks have changed and helped businesses on being more efficient and effective. Downsizing, outsourcing and empowerment are some of the substantial gains of the organizations due to the technology. New ways of communicating among members, stor ing information and researching for ideas and ways to achieve and succeed are result of the advanced technology. Kluster has taken advantage of the technology by using the telecommuting as a way of communication among team members. Since members of Kluster project live in different areas and some of them travel to different cities, it’s very important to communicate with each other at all the time. Therefore telecommuting through Web based program has made it possible. â€Å"Telecommuting refers to employees who do their work at home on a computer that is linked to their office. † Robbins and Judge, pg 223. 4. Describe the different parts of the Illuminator team. Why is it necessary to have each of these parts represented? The illuminator team is created by combining different ideas and skills of different individuals. Each team member has to be self- disciplined and committed to their job. As every organization, Illuminator team has the founder, the project designer, the engineer of the team and the project manager. The importance of this system is to keep the work in place and run effectively and naturally. Each member has different responsibilities that need to be established and require different skills. Illuminator project runs under job enlargement design which increases the degree of each member to control, plan and evaluate the work done. â€Å" An enriched job organizes tasks so as to allow the worker to do a complete activity, increases the employee’s freedom and independence, increases responsibility, and provides feedback so individuals will be assess and correct their own performance†. Robbins and Judge, pg 220. 5. Ben Kaufman, founder of Illuminator, says it is important to recognize that sometimes people need a break from the team. Explain what he means by this. Sometimes, personal life issues can cause stress, pressure, disorientation and weak performance. Therefore, it’s very important that every team member to have the right and be able to work sometimes on their own away from the team as long as they work on their job responsibilities. Depending on the personality, some individuals can perform better while under stress when they work alone. Being able to accept that break from the rest of the team, the organization is helping their member to establish his/her responsibilities required for the organization’s success. . What two or three suggestions would you provide to address ways that virtual teams could celebrate successes? How would you implement them? I would give two suggestions that could help virtual team succeed. The first one is to set a time of the day every week for all the team members to participate in a meeting via internet. In this way, everyone will be able to get the same feedbacks, ask questions and receiv e answers at the same time and share their ideas with the rest of the team. So every week the meeting will provide each member with the result of their work, how much has been achieved and where they need improvement. The second suggestion would be for the virtual team to have a leader where the team members can address all their questions and concern. The team leader should be reached at anytime of the day and be able to address these concerns in the best way possible. 7. As a manager, what two or three suggestions would you implement to ensure that individual members were recognized for their contribution? Obviously, financial incentives will help motivate every employee to perform better. A pay raise would be one of the suggestions that would ensure that the good work of a member has been recognized. Also, bonuses such as a paid day off or a gift card would be another suggestion. Employee of the month nomination can be a third suggestion. This way the competition to get any of these recognitions among employees will provide a better performance and more productive workers. Therefore, I as a manager will be able to lead a successful organization.

Why Cigarette Smoking Should Be Banned

Cigarette smoking should be banned. Cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit that not only affects the user in a negative physical and psychological way but also endangers others around them. Would you play Russian roulette – A deadly game of chance involving a revolver and a single bullet– and then force others around you to participate? Cigarette smoking has detrimental effects on both the user and innocent bystanders effectively initiating a game of Russian roulette. Considering the dangers of cigarettes, banning them could potentially protect society from their dangerous effects.The physical effects of smoking are quite frightening and include a wide variety of diseases. These include but are not limited to: cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and a wide variety of cancers. A common outcome of the more serious tobacco related diseases is death. It is noted on the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) website that ‘More deaths are caused each year by tobacco than all deaths caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders combined. (CDC – Fact Sheet – Tobacco-Related Mortality – Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2011) With all this evidence pointing to the physical dangers of cigarettes, why then do people continue choosing to engage in this behavior? Perhaps the psychological effects of cigarettes can account for the continuation of their use. Cigarettes can have not only a stimulating effect, but also a perceived calming effect and can also induce feelings of euphoria. Nicotine in tobacco causes these perceived effects and feelings.Nicotine is a psychoactive drug found in tobacco products, and it is this chemical that causes users to develop a dependency on cigarettes. One particular cause for alarm is taken from the CDC website. ‘Research suggests that nicotine may be as addictive as heroin, cocaine, or alcohol. ’ (CDC – Fact Shee t – Smoking Cessation – Smoking & Tobacco Use. 14 Nov. 2011) With this in mind, we now start to understand the psychological dangers of smoking cigarettes. The addiction compels the user to continue smoking.Having looked at the physical and psychological effects of smoking on the users, let us now take a look at how detrimental cigarette smoking is to non-smokers. Cigarette smoking is extremely dangerous to non smokers. Secondhand smoke is a mixture of side stream smoke — smoke from the end of a lighted cigarette—and mainstream smoke—smoke exhaled by a smoker. This secondhand smoke contains 250 known harmful chemicals of which 60 are known to cause cancer. This dangerous concoction of chemicals in the smoke puts those that have chosen not to smoke in harm’s way.According to the website of the American Cancer Society, each year, second hand smoke is responsible for ‘an estimated 46,000 deaths from heart disease’, â€Å"About 340 0 lung cancer deaths’, and ‘Between 150,000 and 300,000 lower respiratory tract infections in children’. (â€Å"Secondhand Smoke. â€Å", 14 Nov. 2011) The list carries on, but we can now see how cigarette smoking not only affects smokers, but non smokers too. As detrimental as cigarettes are to everyone’s health, there are still those that claim it is their right to be able to smoke.Opponents of cigarette banning claim that it is their civil right to choose to smoke and that society does not have the right to dictate what people do to their bodies, regardless of whether it is unhealthy for them or not. They claim that if the government bans cigarettes on the basis that it is harmful to one’s health, then they may as well ban other things that pose a health risk, like â€Å"junk food†. The problem with this argument is that while eating junk food does pose a health risk to the person eating it, there is no immediate health risk to the peopl e around them.Even governments have started to recognize the dangers of cigarettes by allocating smoke free zones where smoking is not allowed. Even though this is a step in the right direction, it still does not keep everyone safe from the dangers of cigarette smoking. By examining the all the information, it is easy to see that cigarette smoking is particularly dangerous on both physical and psychological levels while also needlessly endangering non-smokers. Could the banning of cigarettes potentially wrestle the revolver from the hands of the smoker and finally put an end to this dangerous game of Russian roulette?

Dont Be Concerned About Ground Bees

Don't Be Concerned About Ground Bees Ground bees become active in early spring, and hardly sting. These bees dig nests in the ground, often in bare patches of the lawn or garden. If you find mounds of soil, similar to anthills but with larger openings, these may be ground bee nests. Watch for bees flying low over the ground and entering their burrows. Did You Know? Ground bees are non-aggressive, beneficial insects that rarely sting. In fact, the male bees lack a stinger entirely. Nesting season is limited to springtime. Unless you or a family member has an allergy, you can feel comfortable leaving the nest alone and letting the bees do their pollinating in peace. What Are Ground Bees? First and foremost, ground bees are beneficial insects which perform an important role as pollinators. Ground-nesting bees include the digger bees (family Anthoporidae), sweat bees (family Halictidae), and mining bees (family Andrenidae). Females are solitary creatures, excavating nests in dry soil. Each one will fastidiously mound the loose soil around her nest entrance, then provision her home with pollen and nectar for her offspring. Despite their solitary nature, its not unusual to find dozens of ground bee nests in one area if conditions are suitable for nesting. Males may fly over the burrows, patrolling for potential mates. Do Ground Bees Sting? Female ground bees can sting but, being non-aggressive by nature, rarely do. However, they will sting in defense if threatened. Males of some species may behave aggressively around nesting areas, but they lack a sting. How to Identify Ground Bee Nests Bumblebees also nest in underground burrows, though they typically use abandoned rodent burrows rather than excavate new ones. However, bumblebees live in social colonies. Observe a bee nest from a safe distance. Do you see a single bee coming and going, or multiple bees entering the nest? Social bees such as bumblebees will aggressively defend their nests, so make sure you identify them before you take any action. Yellowjackets also nest in the ground, and like bumblebees, often move into old rodent burrows. Some solitary wasps are ground nesters, as well. Make sure you know the differences between bees and wasps and never assume you have docile, ground bees. How to Control Ground Bees Before you decide to evict your ground bees, consider that these bees serve a valuable purpose as pollinators. Theyre not aggressive and, in most cases, you can still mow your lawn and continue regular outdoor activities without fear of being stung. Finally, nesting activity is limited to spring, so ground bees wont stay for long. Unless you have concerns for a family member with a bee venom allergy, its usually preferable to leave ground bees alone. Ground bees nest in dry soil, avoiding damp areas when choosing nest sites. Pesticides are not recommended for ground bee control.  The easiest, least-toxic method of controlling ground bees is simply watering the area. As soon as you see ground bee activity, start soaking the area with a full inch of water per week. This is usually enough to discourage the burrowing females and to make them relocate to drier ground. A thick layer of mulch on bare garden beds will also make ground bees think twice about nesting there.

Strategic Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic Management - Research Paper Example Chinese market offers one of the most lucrative investment avenues owing to the rapid economic progress that it made during the recent past. Etisalat- a UAE based telecom company is planning to make an entry into the Chinese market. Being one of the emerging firms in the world offering telecommunication services, the entry of Etisalat into the Chinese market will mark a new beginning in the history of the firm. However, Chinese market poses different types of risks and offer new and unique opportunities therefore it is necessary that Etisalat must do its homework and assess the situation with the help of different strategic frameworks and models in order to gain significant insight into the Chinese market. Etisalat (firm) started its operations in 1976 and primarily served UAE market by providing telecommunication solutions. Over the period of time, however, it became one of the leading telecom services providers in the Middle East Region and expanded its operations in more than 18 countries of Asia, Africa as well as Middle Eastern countries. Serving a total customer base of 94 million, Etisalat is considered as the 13th largest mobile services provider in the world. Such high level of penetration into the market therefore indicates that the firm has the capability and will to expand into new markets to create further value for its shareholders. The majority shareholder is UAE government. (Huawei) Started as a joint venture between the local partners from UAE and Britain’s International Aeradio Limited, Etisalat is now largely owned by the UAE government with 60% shareholding whereas remaining 40% is publically held. It is also because of this reason that Etisalat held the official patronage of being the only firm in UAE allowed to telecommunication services within the country and outside the country. The official support of the firm therefore further increased its

Detailed reasearch methodolgy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Detailed reasearch methodolgy - Essay Example The case between the Society of Composers, Authors, and Music Publishers of Canada and Bell Canada brought to the limelight the issue of free access to online copyrighted information. With it emerged demands from authors to enjoy royalty whenever their songs were accessed. The case also helps to bring out the limit to which individuals can access copyrighted information and how the original authors stand to benefit. The Canadian Copyright Laws are a perfect example on the protection against free viewing of copyrighted information over the internet (Michael, 2005; 45). The research will be conducted on a step by step basis. This will enable collection of all relevant data and compilation of the same from the beginning to the end. The first step of the research will be to identify the sources of information, methods to be used in data collection and how to use the identified methods. From there, the identified methodologies are used as required and visits paid to the relevant sources of information. The research is designed to ensure that no single information pertaining to the research objectives and questions is left out. The paper focuses on methods that can be used to gather information that will answer the listed research questions. The selected methods are essential as the issue of viewing copyrighted information has become widespread. The research methods used include: The research also utilizes various sources of information that have the relevant details required to achieve the stipulated research objectives. These include legal books, representatives of the law enforcement agencies and the body charged with copyrighting information in Canada. The research will also put into consideration the legal practices and beliefs that are directly linked to copyrighting information and determination of who has the right to access that information. All the facts presented in the Canada vs. Bell Canada are also considered important in

President as global leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

President as global leader - Essay Example Prior to the onset of the Second World War presidents had only been interested in being leaders in the Western hemisphere, with the Monroe Doctrine asserted that America had the right as well as the duty to interfere with, or lead the countries of Central and Latin America.2 The only time that an American president tried to be a global leader was when Woodrow Wilson attempted to be one at the end of the First World War. Congress, who vetoed American membership of the League of Nations and returned to a policy of strict neutrality, overturned his efforts.3 In many respects the American president acting as a global leader was a consequence of American involvement in the Second World War, and also the Cold War, which followed on from it. President Roosevelt was able to portray himself as a global leader during the Second World War until his own death. The American use of the atomic bombs against Japan meant that President Truman could boast of being the most important global leader due to the Americans been the only nuclear power. The onset of the Cold War also ensured that America could not resort to a neutral foreign policy ever again. American presidents were in affect global leaders of the capitalist Western World, containing the spread of communism.4 Certainly in the Cold War period the majority of American presidents successfully presented themselves as being global leaders. Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Reagan all made viable claims about their status as global leaders. Presidents Carter and Ford were arguably less successful in that regard. The ability of these presidents to portray themselves as global leaders was shaped by internal and external factors as well as their own personalities. To a large extent all post-war American presidents have had the same constitutional powers as each other.5 In constitutional terms every American president has operated with actual as well as potential blocks to his or her

Pennsylvania Association Essay Example for Free

Pennsylvania Association Essay The right to an appropriate public education and equal treatment of children with disabilities has been a highly contested issue in the last few decades. Until 1975, most disabled children were deliberately segregated and denied the right to education. In 1971, a case was filed by the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children against the Common Wealth of Pennsylvania (PARC v. PA) on the access of to public education by the children with disabilities. Attorney Thomas K. Gilhool represented PARC while Attorney Gen. , Ed Weintrub represented the defendants in the three judge case. The concerned parents (plaintiff) through their attorney argued that children with disabilities were denied free access to education and/or an appropriate and adequate education under the then instructional programs (United States District Court, 1971). Inspired by the equal rights movement, the parents presented their claim through Attorney Thomas who based his argument on the Brown v. Board of Education case which had ruled out that the equal but separate schools’ segregation in practice was unconstitutional under the Federal constitution’s Fourteenth Amendment. However, the defendants (commonwealth) did not struggle for the exclusion of such children but rather opted to collaborate with the United States federal court and PARC to arrive at a consent agreement. The case led to a landmark decision affirming that children with disabilities have an equal right to education at the expense of the public including due processes. Ruling on the case, the judges referred to Section 1304 of the 1949’s Public School Code under which they forbid any form of denial of access of the mentally retarded children to free public education and/or training program (Ibid). Quoting Section 1372(3) of the same code, the court ruled against denial of home based instruction to any child with child retardation on the basis that the disability due to retardation is not short-long-term and/ or that the retardation is not accompanied by physical disability. The ruling also obliged the defendants to conduct with immediate effect a reevaluation of the stated plaintiffs including all other mentally retarded individuals of 6 to 21 years and provide every one of them appropriate and free public education program and training in line with their abilities (Wise Fagan, 2000). PA was also ordered to provide a preschool program for both mentally healthy and retarded children below six years of age according to their abilities The ruling demanded that commonwealth provide free appropriate public education (FAPE) which is an individualized educational and training program that meets the specific needs of each individual according to their type of disability. This implies that a school psychologists, regarded as a diagnostician with the responsibility of conducting individual study and evaluation of abnormal cases to provide recommendation. The psychologist is concerned with the assessment and arrangement of contingencies for groups or individual students (Ibid). The ruling of this case expanded the scope to which the psychologist could intervene into individualized cases as the limited focus on individualized instruction formerly practiced was lifted. For instance, prior to this case, a school psychologist would have been limited to offer intervention programs recommending special or individualized care since segregation did not allow it. This means that the school psychologist is no longer limited in the range of individualized remedies they can offer to various instructors. The U. S Federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA Act) governs the manner in which public agencies and states provide special education and early intervention programs for children with disabilities. It focuses on the age bracket ranging from birth to 21 years of age. IDEA was formed from the preceding Education for All Handicapped Children Act which is a product of several federal laws ruling against the unconstitutional segregation and deprivation of public education and training programs to children with disabilities (Network of Advocates for Promising Practices in Education). The ruling of the PARC v. Common wealth case provided the platform for these similar cases that facilitated for the 1975’s Education for All Handicapped Children Act that guaranteed for the first time, constitutionally protected rights to an appropriate and free public education to youths and children with disabilities. Amendments on the law in 1990 had the name of the Act changed to IDEA. This 1971 ruling has continued to impact on IDEA and disabilities issues at large since through its consideration, the former unconstitutional segregation of schools on separate but equal basis was nullified. References Network of Advocates for Promising Practices in Education, IDEA History. Retrieved 27 May 2010 from http://www. etsu. edu/idea/nappe/ideahistory. html. United States District Court. (1971). Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 334 F. Supp. 1257 (E. D. PA 1972). E. D. Pennsylvania. Retrieved 27 May 2010 from http://www. faculty. piercelaw. edu/redfield/library/Pdf/case-parc. pennsylvania. pdf. Wise, P. S. Fagan, T. K. (2000). School Psychology: Past, present, and future. (2nd ed. ). Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.

Planning a Health Promotion Campaign

Planning a Health Promotion Campaign Planning a health promotion campaign Now that you have given the community health nurses enough information on health promotion, plan a health promotion campaign they can be implement in their local communities. Scenario 2 Nutrition education in schools You want to introduce better nutrition education into all schools in your district, possibly followed by a more general Health Promoting Schools project. How will you do this?   Who do you think the key stakeholders would be? What would you do with the schools and the communities themselves? How will you evaluate the project? AC 4.1 Plan of a health promotion campaign to meet specific objectives (4.1).   Your plan should show a critical reflection on the proposed activities to identify potential challenges and formulate appropriate solutions (D1) More Fresh Air Nutrition Health Promotion Campaign Form a steering committee comprised of key stakeholders: Community Nursing Team Schools Liaison Officer Community Nursing Team Dietitian District School Director District School Inclusive Officer Maximum three head teachers from pilot schools who champion the general Health Promoting Schools initially 2 Pupil Rep from each these three schools both genders from each school and all six should reflect various ethnic groups as much as possible Concept of the More Fresh Air Programme Eating and Health are somewhat overused and children are becoming jaded with the constant eating for health approach.   Decided to have a fresh and innovative programme title to catch our targets audiences attention. Leaving winter behind and entering the Spring season, and Summer not far behind the idea behind, this programme offers an inclusive approach where to enjoy the best of fresh air bodies must be fuelled by nutritious food. Intended Outcomes: An increase in nutritious eating through a nutrition education programme fronted by a concept of enjoying activities outdoors. Communities will be made aware of the programme and encouraged to attend a specific programme. Have a way to measure the success, or otherwise, of the programme using a short questionnaire for example Activities After school pub-like quiz on the types of food the body needs to be fully active and alert during school and after school.   general knowledge to begin and then specific for a district wide competition prize from a local farmers market. Subtraction exercises what would the body be able to do without protein? for example. Answers would require research into what protein does for the body.   In this way cover the six food groups over the course of a week, during afternoon sessions, which would of course be agreed with the head teacher and the teaching management team Monday morning during assembly introduce the More Fresh Air programme. Parents could be invited to attend In an hour session before the end of the school day which, weather permitting will allow for outdoor activities i.e. upper body exercises, to be included in the session Meats and Oils Parents unable to attend Monday mornings assembly attend a   Tuesday parent-only assembly so they can be informed about   the programme Tuesday afternoon included lower body exercises Fruits give fruits at end of session Wednesday afternoon include Circuit Training Community invited but training separate to that of the children Diary check for allergies first and have a prepared alternative at end of session Thursday afternoon include a game of Rounders and invite parents to participate and/or watch Vegetables give raw edible vegetables at the end of the session Friday afternoon include a number of outdoor games to achieve maximum participation, such as relay games and tug-of-war Grains/Nuts check for nut allergies first and possible provide grains as opposed to nuts at the end of the session In the planning special educational needs will be considered and factored into the programme for complete inclusivity Working with stakeholders from inception will avoid the challenges which arise when stakeholders are not consulted in the initial stages of a programme, such as this health promotional campaign.   All involved should be clear that the intended outcome is a more efficient nutritional education programme, so that parents and children can feel that the health improving actions, taken by them, are the ones they have chosen for themselves based on the information provided in a non-judgemental manner.   The process for evaluating this programme is considered below. AC 4.2 An explanation of how the health promotion campaign supports health promotion strategies Irrespective of age, one sure way of getting people to follow you is to educate them with the knowledge you know they should have, and them empower them to make the right decision which, if your strategies are effective, will be the same decision you would have made on their behalf, had you imposed a behavioural health promotion strategies, for example. The More Fresh Air campaign is to alert parents and children to the overall benefit of nutritious meals, through a nutritional programme.   Considering the promotional plan it can be seen that purpose of each food group, for the functioning of the body, will be explained and explored.   Linking the value of nutritious food to physical activity will prove more advantageous, than simply telling children that healthy food is good for them.   Understanding how nutritious food helps them to function physically, will offer an association between what they eat and what they do.   Ensuring that all the children can participate, in the fresh air, in one physical activity with ensuring a reinforcement of knowledge, through the actual understanding pursued in a physical activity. A pub-like quiz for those children who are not inclined to be physically active, when left to their own devices, serves to validate the More Fresh Air Campaign when the quiz is conducted outside.   In this way, the outside does not become the domain of the sporty children, but becomes, rather, a shared space for mentally activity too, which in itself requires healthy nourishment for the nourishment of brain cells. Overall, food is necessary to fuel both physical and mental activity, and in this way children and parents are educated not to simply associate food with weight issues per se, although the education will support the empowerment of a behavioural pattern which will be reflected in weight appropriate to height and structure; thus killing two birds with one stone -improvement in healthy eating and a decrease in levels of obesity. The reduction in the level of obesity falls under the remit of the national health promotion strategies Fit4Life, and the health promotional models of education and empowerment will assist in pupils benefiting from this health promotional strategy. In preparing to plan for the introduction of better nutrition education in schools, assessing health needs were essential, as health needs not only differ across the district funded schools, but within schools as well.   Speaking with and asking for advice from the senior management team ensured that specific needs were not overlooked in any school.   Not wishing to disrupt the school timetable, this health promotion was incorporated into the school routine, in the main, with the community being invited to participate in circuit training, if they were medically able to do so, and parents and carers being encouraged to support the educational programme on nutrition by attending either the school assembly, or the specific parent assembly. Working with those who knew the both the pupils and their parents, it was possible to avoid any religious or cultural slights by being made aware of festivals and cultural practices.   Hence, the programme was planned for the week before Easter, and not the week before the Whitsun bank holiday as we did not wish to exclude the Muslim pupils who would be fasting in observance of Ramadan. Legislation was taken into consideration, as the safety of pupils was paramount. All outside contractors, such as those from the farms responsible for the fruit and vegetable 5-day display, were vetted and underwent DBS checks, if they had not done so before, in line with the Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003.   A risk assessment, particular with respect to the outdoor activities involving parents too, was undertaken in keeping with the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974.   As note before, plans included how to ensure that the programme was accessible to pupils with special educational needs, and parents with any form of physical disability, in line with the Disability Discrimination Act 2005. In the planning a framework for evaluation was also factored in as it necessary to see what works and what does not work, if we wish to replicate this health promotion campaign again.   Efficiency, effectiveness and economy were pointers in the framework.   All public health campaigns resourced by public funds have to demonstrate value for money, and thus in the calculation we considered the cost to the NHS should the levels of obesity rise in the next two years.   Naturally if obesity levels in pupils did not rise, then the difference between the calculated amount, should it rise, and the amount of money spent on this campaign highlighted how much the NHS would save in not having to treat a new cohort of obese pupils; this would demonstrate the value for money aspect of the campaign.   The efficiency and the effectiveness of the campaign would also be reflected in the money that would not have to be spent on addressing the issue of a new cohort of obese children. Further, in the planning the SMART acronym was included for the evaluation of the programme from beginning to end, considering our target audience, the goals and objectives we set for programme and the pupils.   The possible outcomes/goals were subjected to an examination to ascertain if they were Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Timely: Smart: goals well defined such that the youngest pupil could understand the intended outcome Pupil engaging positively with food and making healthy choice selections at lunch; using food to fuel an agreed physical or mental activity Measurable: include parameters to ascertain if goal has been achieved Levels of improvement which can be checked by a member of staff personal goal of running faster between two fixed points (physical) or memorising specific quotes or passages from a set book with increasing difficulty Achievable: challenging, but realistic goal for those participating Gradually increasing speed or number of quotes memorises each week Relevant: all goals consistent with each other in order to achieve long term goal Pupils will be empowered by the knowledge of how food fuels the body to make healthy food choices when selecting because they wish for their body to operate at optimum level Timely: have a time frame in which it can be ascertained if goal achieved or not Fitness level or rendition ability would have improved by the end of the school year, as the reinforcement of a physical fit body or being mentally agile is fuelled by healthy food selection. In conclusion, whether pupils are aiming for physical or mental fitness the concept of acquiring more fresh air could have a beneficial effect on both sub-groups of pupils, since being in the same spatial environment could encourage the pupils to explore the other benefit of selecting healthy food to fuel the body. Reference Disablity Discrimation Act 2005 Available online at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228870/9780108508066.pdf accessed 27/02/2017 Health and Safety At Work ect Act 1974 Available online at http://www.hse.gov.uk/legislation/hswa.htm accessed 27/02/2017 Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003 Available online at https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/108/s342 accessed 27/02/2017 SMART example Available online at http://urban-athletes.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/SMART-Goals.jpg accessed 27/02/2017

Bureaucracy and the Pacific Way Essay -- Literary Analysis, The Sevent

Bureaucracy and the Pacific Way In Mike Judge’s movie Office Space, the main character Peter is a cog in the bureaucratic wheel. He works a middling job for several different bosses, none of who care about him on any personal or emotional level. The system functions smoothly, allowing the business to operate efficiently and effectively. These corporations, like a government bureaucracy are compartmentalized, impersonal, and utilitarian. Every component of every department works toward the goal of efficiency and development. Consequently, the bureaucracy represents the culmination and manifestation of Western business ideal. Ultimately, the bureaucracy is successful when its members relinquish their own personal identity in favor of the bureaucratic ideal. Although these organizations have a significant importance in a society that values efficiency, punctuality, and materialism, the reality is that these values of Western progress are not embodied throughout the world. Other cultures have and maintain belie fs independent from this mindset. In Epeli Hau’ofa’s novel Tales of the Tikongs, the island of Tiko is a uniquely Pacific land that is the subject of a new development effort by the United Kingdom. In the name of progress, the imperialists attempt to modernize a culture they consider â€Å"native† (5). Although the Western imperialists claim these efforts are for the benefit of the Tikongs, through an analysis of the bureaucratic institutions in the stories â€Å"The Seventh and Other Days† and â€Å"The Glorious Pacific Way†, the true purpose of development is exposed to be the pacification of Pacific culture. The opening of the collection of short stories, â€Å"The Seventh and Other Days† provides the contextual background for an understand... ...orming Tiko into a submissive participant in their international funding games. The Tikongs lost their tradition and identity because of the premeditated actions of the bureaucracy. Furthermore, as evidenced by Pasifikiwei’s symbolic change, even their self-respect disappeared. Like Peter in Office Space, the people of Tiko became the faceless and nameless workers in a government induced pipe dream for the attainment of actual progress. Although the bureaucracy never truly succeeded in incorporating its policies in Tiko, by dehumanizing the Tikongs, undercutting their culture, and convincing the populace to work for â€Å"progress†, the bureaucracy pacified the Tikongs. Development did not improve their way of life; instead it turned them into another casualty of colonialism, a people without a culture in a perpetual struggle towards a non-existent goal.

Hrm Issues in the Premium Oil and Gas Case Essay

This essay is based on the Premium Oil and Gas Company (POG) case study. POG, as a global, company is functioning in diversified business environment. It causes in fact, a necessity to deal with varied internal and external environmental issues, that occur within the company. Internal business environmental issues are in control of the enterprise. External business environmental issues, on the other hand, are driven by factors, that are beyond the control of the company (e.g. legal issues). According to the executives, POG company aspires to become a truly global enterprise, known for its modern and meritocratic management, supported by outstanding learning organisation. Nevertheless, some major issues can be found at all levels where company operates. This paper is focused on POG strategic issues, related to human resources management (HRM) and is divided into three parts. The first section of this paper provides a brief overview of the company aims and outlines the essay scheme. The following section indicates and analyses two main HRM issues, related to POG case, including general justification of the choice made. At the same time, a series of recommendations for POG is provided, before conclusions will be presented in the third part. Two main issues defined by the author refer to communication and knowledge sharing aspects. In general, one of the most significant platforms for company issues to arise are the culture differences between co-workers. Since internationalisation strategies started being implemented by enterprises on a large scale and the number of multinational companies grew rapidly, also multicultural issues have become the substantial matter to deal with. For POG case, where westernized culture of the headquarter is confronted with eastern way of thinking in Azeri subsidiary (Hercules Meets Buddha), communication issue can be named as one of decisive factors affecting organisational side of the company. The main role of organisational communication (Elving, 2005) is to inform clearly employees about their responsibilities, as well as about company policies and issues. Secondly, communication leads to a better integration and community creation. Hancock and Zayko (1998) also indicate the importance of communication, whereas its lack often provides with resentments between employees. The communication levels in POG may be distinguished between Azeri employees (trainees) and their trainers/colleagues from headquarter, as also between Azeris within their group, what manifests itself in teamwork tasks. The most appropriate theoretical framework to analyse the communication issues in POG seems to be the concept of Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 2001) in relation to Azeri national culture. First dimension in this model refers to uncertainty avoidance, explained by Hofstede (2001, p.161) as â€Å"The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by uncertain or unknown situation†. In relation to POG case, there is a strong alienation, suspiciousness and reluctance of Azeri trainees to westernized corporate culture. These types of behaviour seem to be typical reaction on culture shock. In result, high level of uncertainty avoidance successfully reduces the efficiency in communication between them and their western colleagues. The second, and one of the most important dimensions in context of communication is power distance. Mulder (1977) as cited in Hofstede (2001), explained the meaning of power distance by comparison of power determinacy, which is unequal between less and more powerful members of a particular system. Countries like Azerbaijan, exhibit a high degree of power distance, which means that its citizens are a hierarchical society. As a consequence, several problems can be observed in POG communication skills trainings. Firstly, Azeri trainees are afraid of asking questions, as lack of knowledge is seen by them as humiliation. Moreover, there is a strong resistance of rising issues with managers in fear of undermining their authority and damaging relationships with them. Also trying to draw conclusions from mistakes is very difficult, as taking responsibility is uncommon for Azeri people. POG trainers find these behaviours in total opposition to the company brainstorming working patterns, consistent with open and free to ask POG culture. Another dimension in Hofstede’s model is individualism, as opposition to collectivism. There are several main differences between these assumptions (Hofstede, 2011). In individualistic social framework, only immediate family is expected to take care of its member (â€Å"I†- consciousness society). Individualistic approach is concerned with westernized cultures. On the other hand, in collectivist social framework, immediate family is extended to other relatives and non-relative in-group members (â€Å"We†- consciousness society). Definition, which more accurately describes Azeri society is collectivism, what POG trainers assumed to be a solid base to develop team working skills for them. However, as the practice shows, there is a strong recognition of inequality within the group members, resulting from status-conscious society model. In Trompennars and Hampden-Turner seven dimensions’ model (1997), status-conscious approach is defined as ascription theory, where status is based on position. Communication issues arise, when there is a need from trainers to identify responsibilities and contribution of particular members in a team. Communication within the team is also affected by the social status of its members. Next dimension from Hofstede is a differentiation of social attitude in terms of gender. Feminine and Masculine societies can be defined. Feminine society is associated with modest and caring values for both genders. There is a balance between family and work (Hofstede, 2011). Good examples of feminine societies are Scandinavian countries, but also Russia, where the role of women is inherently high and influential in social relations (Camiah and Hollin shead, 2003). On the other hand, masculine societies reflect patriarchal and traditional structure with male leadership and domain role (Sikdar and Mitra, 2012). This approach is close to Azeri social behaviours, where women role in society is quite limited or at least not equal to this of men. In turn to POG case, a significant communication issue arises between Azeri trainees and female L&D officer. Despite her outstanding qualifications, communication barriers are built because of cultural accretions. Male trainees find it insulting to be advised or educated by female. In result, information flow is highly disrupted. The fifth dimension (Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation) is not directly linked with communication issues in this case, however, in general it may be an important indication for multicultural issues based on behavioural patterns. Another issue related to communication is language. However, this aspect is also highly linked with knowledge sharing issue and will be explained later on in this paper. Considering the main issues related to the communication in POG, identified in this paper, some changes should be provided in order to cope with these issues. A comparison can be made to Elite Hotel case, where cultural differences had also a strong impact on communication between co-workers. Although some recommendations may be covered in both cases. Firstly, the performance for â€Å"Communication and Team Working† module should be customized. This module, as a key tool of communication, does not suit to cultural differences between Azeri co-workers and company culture management scheme. Practical implementation of company rules will not succeed without understanding of these cultural differences by both sides. Taking into account POG’s aspirations to become a truly global and meritocratic company, responsibility and flexibility in management processes should be embedded. In practice, various cultural trainings, as well as cultural events to build up coherent relations, should be provided at the beginning of the training programs. Such cognitive steps ought to improve communication and become a platform to implement practical aspects of the training programme. â€Å"Communication and Team Working† module modifications shall focus on overcoming of power distance influences, through engaging trainees to an active involvement in discussion and problem solving proposals. Also individual tutorials for Azeri trainees might help them to overcome communication barriers. Inequity in terms of ‘team working’ need to be suspended by cultivation of organizational culture, in order to enhance intercultural and intra-cultural communication. Underestimation of female as a teacher should be confronted with a huge, direct and continuous support from high male authorities to break the stereotypes and teach trainees how to overcome them without losing respect in their own environment. Nevertheless, the competences of L&D officer must be proved by this young female. Knowledge sharing process is concerned as another significant issue related to POG case. Whereas explicit knowledge can be formalized, tacit knowledge is strongly connected with communication. Moving further, communication issues have impact on knowledge transfers. Processes of creating knowledge and its management in organizational level have been studied by many authors. Most of them emphasize the importance of capability to transfer knowledge, as a pivotal factor in fields of organiza tional learning processes (Goh, 2002). The process of sharing knowledge may be considered from different contexts. Transfers may take place within the same unit in organization, throughout different departments, or between subsidiaries. Knowledge can be also shared between individuals, communities and groups; locally, nationally or worldwide. Argote and Ingram (2000, p.151) link these partitions with experience and describe knowledge transfer as â€Å"the process through which one unit (e.g., group, department, or division) is affected by the experience of another†. There are several ways of how knowledge is shared. According to Taylor et al. (1996), there are three main strategies for transferring HRM knowledge. POG strategy characterizes high internal but low external consistency, what indicates centralized HRM system and strong domination of headquarter over its Azeri subsidiary. There are several important individual factors, affecting knowledge transfer. Integrated capability of these factors may either facilitate or impede the HR knowledge transfer (Lecture 2, Knowledge Transfer and Sharing, Figure 2). Accordingly, some issues related to knowledge transfer in POG case are connected and complemented by communication issues, however they demonstrate problems from different view. Firstly, culture differences between co-workers have a large impact on knowledge transfer. The example of female L&D officer is the most appropriate one to adopt, when knowledge absorption is limited by cultural ties. Another issue is connected with motivation and willingness for cooperation, required to achieve mutual benefits. Lack of co-operative behaviours can be observed in terms of sharing opinions or involving into discussion during the meetings with management board. Finally, language skills can determine processes of acquiring knowledge, when Azeri workers need to learn English as an operative language in the company. However, English is not the first language for Dutch workers either, who stand for the majority of the company staff. In terms of recommendations, knowledge sharing issues must be solved by POG executives quite fast, bearing in mind the company staffing plans for the next five years. Generally speaking, POG strategy of HRM should become more integrative (rather than exportive) with high internal and moderate external consistency, in order to optimize solutions for subsidiaries like Azerbaijan. There is also a significant role of trainers and expatiate managers for knowledge transfer capabilities. Country-specific, intercultural training should be conducted for them, as part of their preparation for the job. The Robert Bosh GmbH case is a good example for POG, how to achieve intercultural proximity to improve knowledge transfer. HRM issues in POG company simply highlight, that it is not sufficient for organizations to get adopted to business environment without respecting individuals from different cultures (Trompennars and Hampden-Turner, 1997). Hofstede’s framework clearly indicates these differences, which affect HRM, not only in communication, but also in knowledge transfer. The deeper the differences, the more complex management issues arise. ‘Communication and Team Working’ module should be customized in respect to Azeri culture, rather than be left unified for all subsidiaries. Also implementation of integrative HRM strategy, jointly with higher intercultural sensitiveness of trainers and expatriates could facilitate knowledge absorption capacities of Azeris. Nevertheless, core values of the company management ought to remain unchanged. There are no simple decisions without both positive and negative consequences involved. In fact, there is no single box with tools to fix problems, and various ways may be chosen to follow. List of references: ARGOTE, L., and INGRAM, P., 2000. Knowledge Transfer: A Basis For Competitive Advantages in Firms. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes [online], 82(1), p. 150-169. Available at: http://www.columbia.edu/~pi17/2893a.pdf [Accessed 1 December 2012]. CAMIAH, N., and HOLLINSHEAD, G., 2003. Assessing the potential for effective cross-cultural working between â€Å"new† Russian Managers and western expatriates. Journal of World Business [online] 38, 245-261. Available at: http://wenku.baidu.com/view/862ab85abe23482fb4da4cf7.html [Accessed 5 December 2012] ELVING, W.J.L., 2005. The role of communication in organizational change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal [online], 10(2), pp. 129-138. Available via: Emerald [Accessed 1 December 2012]. GOH, S.C., 2002. Managing effective knowledge transfer: an integrative framework and some practice implications. Journal of Knowledge Management [online], 6(1), pp. 23-30. Available via: Emerald [Accessed 7 December 2012]. HANCOCK, W.M., and ZAYKO, M.J., 1998. Lean production implementation problems, IIE Solutions, 30(6), pp. 38-42. HOFSTEDE, G., 2001. Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviours, institutions, and organizations across nations. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications Inc. HOFSTEDE, G., 2011. Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture [online], unit 2. Available at: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8 [Accessed 3 December 3, 2012]. SIKDAR, A., and MITRA, S., 2012. Gender-role stereotypes: perception and practice of leadership in the Middle East. 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